What is perfusion and what is N-1 Perfusion?

Answer

Perfusion is a technology that allows removal of waste by-products and replenish with fresh nutrients so the cells always have a nice environment to grow and can reach higher cell densities and higher productivity. N-1 refers to the step previous to the production bioreactor, N-1 perfusion is the application of the perfusion technology in the step immediately before the production bioreactor, since higher cell density will be reached in the N-1 stage the production reactor or N stage can be inoculated at a higher seed density than with a traditional seed train.

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